Association between community socioeconomic status and adults' self-rated health in China / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To examine whether community socioeconomic status is associated with self-rated health independent of individual socioeconomic status for urban and rural residents, and to provide policy implications for improving the health status of the socioeconomically underdeveloped communities in China.@*METHODS@#Based on the baseline data of China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) in 2010, principal component analysis was used to construct community socioeconomic index (SEI) based on average years of schooling, average income and average wealth at the community level. Community SEI was defined as the standardized first principal component score. In combination with the adult data from CFPS 2012 follow-up data, the multilevel Logistic regression model was used to analyze whether the community socioeconomic status had an independent contextual effect on the self-rated health of urban residents and rural residents after controlling individual-level socioeconomic status.@*RESULTS@#In the final analysis, 31 321 adult residents in 577 communities were included, of whom 8 423 were urban residents and 22 898 were rural residents. Community SEI ranged from -2.41 to 3.16, with a mean of 0 and a stan-dard deviation of 1. As the community SEI increased, the incidence of deprivations in different dimensions decreased, indicating the community socioeconomic status increased. The multilevel Logistic model controlling for both individual sociodemographic factors and community socioeconomic status showed that as the community SEI increased, the probability of poor self-rated health decreased, which indicated community SEI had a contextual effect on poor self-rated health. The contextual effect of community SEI on poor self-rated health was statistically significant for the rural residents (OR=0.84, 95%CI: 0.76-0.94) but not statistically significant for the urban adults (OR=0.94, 95%CI: 0.83-1.06).@*CONCLUSION@#After controlling for individual socioeconomic status, community socioeconomic status was associa-ted with poor self-rated health for rural residents independent of individual socioeconomic status. Therefore, in order to improve the health status of the rural population, it needs not only individual-based health interventions, but also community-based health interventions.

Changes in the antioxidant level, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of testicular cells in rats with diet-induced impaired glucose regulation / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the changes of the antioxidant level, cell cycle progression, necrosis and apoptosis, calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+] i) and mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsim) in the model rats of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) induced by long-range high-fat diet, and to explore IGR-induced male reproductive injury and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control (n = 10) and an IGR model group (n = 30), and the IGR model was established by 20 weeks of long-range high-fat diet. Pathological changes in the rat spermatogenic cells were detected by HE staining; the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured with biochemical methods; changes in the cell cycle progression, necrosis and apoptosis were determined using flow cytometry with propidium iodide (PI) dyeing and the Annexin V-FITC kit, respectively, and [Ca2+]i and deltapsim were detected by flow cytometry with Fluo-3 and Rhodamine probe labeling, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After 20 weeks of continuous high-fat diet, fasting blood glucose was kept at 6.1 - 7.0 mmol/L and blood glucose at 7.8 - 11.1 mmol/L after 2 h glucose load in 12 rats, with a 40% success rate of modeling. Lots of dividing spermatocytes and spermatids were seen in the tissue sections of the normal control rats under the microscope, but few or none in the IGR models. Compared with the normal controls, the IGR model rats showed remarkably increased MDA content and decreased SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the testis tissue (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) , reduced G0/G1 cells and increased G2/M cells (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), decreased necrotic cells and increased apoptotic cells (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), increased [Ca2+]i and decreased deltapsim (P < 0.01), but no significant changes in the percentages of S cells and normal cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IGR can cause spermatogenic cell division disorder in rats, which may be attributed to increased oxidative damage, decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, G2/M phase arrest, [Ca2+]i elevation, deltapsim reduction, and apoptosis of testicular cells.</p>

Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis of testicular cells induced by low-dose radiation / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and signaling pathways of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) in apoptosis of mouse testicular cells treated with low-dose radiation (LDR). In the dose-dependent experiment, the mice were treated with whole-body X-ray irradiation at different doses (25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mGy) and sacrificed 12 h later. In the time-dependent experiment, the mice were exposed to 75 mGy X-ray irradiation and killed at different time points (3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h). Testicular cells were harvested for experiments. H2O2 and NO concentrations, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity were detected by biochemical assays, the calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by flow cytometry using fluo-3 probe, and GRP78 mRNA and protein expressions by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The mRNA expressions of S-XBP1, JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP were measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expressions of IRE1α, S-XBP1, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF6 p50, p-JNK, pro-caspase-12, cleaved caspase-12 and CHOP by Western blotting. The results showed that the concentrations of H2O2 and NO, the mRNA expressions of GRP78, S-XBP1, JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP, and the protein expressions of GRP78, S-XBP1, IRE1α, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF6 p50, p-JNK, pro-caspase-12, cleaved caspase-12 and CHOP were significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after LDR. But the [Ca(2+)]i and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that the ERS, regulated by IRE1, PERK and ATF6 pathways, is involved in the apoptosis of testicular cells in LDR mice, which is associated with ERS-apoptotic signaling molecules of JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP.

Mitochondrial modulation of apoptosis induced by low-dose radiation in mouse testicular cells / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate whether apoptosis induced by low-dose radiation (LDR) is regulated by mitochondrial pathways in testicular cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male mice were exposed to whole-body LDR, and changes in mitochondrial function and in expression of apoptotic factors were analyzed in the testicular cells as follows. Total nitric-oxide synthase (T-NOS) and Na+/K+ ATPase activities were biochemically assayed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were determined by flow cytometry using fluorescent probes. Levels of mRNAs encoding cytochrome c (Cyt c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) were quantified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Expression of Cyt c, AIF, caspase-9, and caspase-3 at the protein level was assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LDR induced an increase in T-NOS activity and ROS levels, and a decrease in Na+/K+ ATPase activity and mitochondrial Δψm, in the testicular cells. The intensity of these effects increased with time after irradiation and with dose. The cells showed remarkable swelling and vacuolization of mitochondria, and displayed a time- and dose-dependent increase in the expression of Cyt c, AIF, procaspase-9, and procaspase-3. Activation of the two procaspases was confirmed by detection of the cleaved caspases. The changes in expression of the four apoptotic factors were mostly limited to spermatogonia and spermatocytes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LDR can induce testicular cell apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathways.</p>

Involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress in apoptosis of testicular cells induced by low-dose radiation / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The study examined the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and signaling pathways of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6) in apoptosis of mouse testicular cells treated with low-dose radiation (LDR). In the dose-dependent experiment, the mice were treated with whole-body X-ray irradiation at different doses (25, 50, 75, 100 or 200 mGy) and sacrificed 12 h later. In the time-dependent experiment, the mice were exposed to 75 mGy X-ray irradiation and killed at different time points (3, 6, 12, 18 or 24 h). Testicular cells were harvested for experiments. H(2)O(2) and NO concentrations, and Ca(2+)-ATPase activity were detected by biochemical assays, the calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) by flow cytometry using fluo-3 probe, and GRP78 mRNA and protein expressions by quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The mRNA expressions of S-XBP1, JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP were measured by qRT-PCR, and the protein expressions of IRE1α, S-XBP1, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF6 p50, p-JNK, pro-caspase-12, cleaved caspase-12 and CHOP by Western blotting. The results showed that the concentrations of H2O2 and NO, the mRNA expressions of GRP78, S-XBP1, JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP, and the protein expressions of GRP78, S-XBP1, IRE1α, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, ATF6 p50, p-JNK, pro-caspase-12, cleaved caspase-12 and CHOP were significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after LDR. But the [Ca(2+)]i and Ca(2+)-ATPase activities were significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. It was concluded that the ERS, regulated by IRE1, PERK and ATF6 pathways, is involved in the apoptosis of testicular cells in LDR mice, which is associated with ERS-apoptotic signaling molecules of JNK, caspase-12 and CHOP.

Low-dose radiation induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and activates PERK-CHOP signaling pathway in mouse testicular cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the correlation of low-dose radiation with endoplasmic reticulum stress and the activation of the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway in mouse testicular cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy Kunming mice were randomly assigned to time-effect (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h of irradiation at 75 mGy) and dose-effect (12 h of irradiation at 0, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mGy) groups. The contents of H202 and MDA were measured by colorimetry with the agent kits, the expressions of GRP78, PERK and CHOP mRNA detected by quantitative RT-PCR, and the levels of GRP7B, PERK, phosphorylated PERK (pho-PERK) and CHOP proteins determined by Western blotting and image analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After whole-body irradiation of the mice with 75 mGy, the content of H2 02 in the testis tissue was increased with time prolongation, while that of MDA decreased slightly at 3 and 6 h and then increased with the lengthening of time, both increased significantly at 12 and 24 h as compared with those at 0 h (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). Apart from reduced levels of GRP78 mRNA at 3 and 24 h and GRP78 protein at 6 h after irradiation, significant increases were found in the mRNA expressions of GRP78 at 12 h, PERK at 3,6, 12 and 24 hand CHOP at 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), as well as in the protein levels of GRP78 at 12 and 24 h, pho-PERK at 3, 12 and 24 h and CHOP at 3, 6, 12 and 24 h in comparison with those at 0 h (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). No obvious regularity was observed in the change of the PERK protein expression. After 12 h of whole-body irradiation, the content of H202 was increased at 50, 75 and 100 mGy, but decreased slightly at 200 mGy, while that of MDA was increased with dose increasing, with significant increases in the content of H2 02 at 75 and 100 mCy and in that of MDA at 75, 100 and 200 mGy as compared with the 0 mGy group. Apart from the reduced levels of GRP78 mRNA at 50 and 200 mCy, significant increases were found in the mRNA expressions of PERK at 75, 100 and 200 mGy and CHOP at 50, 75, 100 and 200 (P c 0. 05, P < 0.01) as well as in the protein levels of GRP78 at 100 and 200 mGy, pho-PERK at 50, 100 and 200 mGy and CHOP at 50, 75, 100 and 200 mCy as compared with those at 0 mGy (P < 0. 05, P < 0. 01). There were differences in the changes of different protein expressions, but no obvious regularity was seen in the change of the PERK protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low-dose radiation can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress in mouse testicular cells, and activate the PERK-CHOP signaling pathway.</p>

Influence of TangNaiKang on VEGF protein expression of GK rats thoracic aorta / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To investigated the effect of TangNaiKang (TNK) on VEGF protein expression of GK rats Thoracic aorta. Methods 51 male GK rats were divided into five groups randomly: model group, pioglitazone group, and TNK treatment group (low, immediate and high dose). Another 10 male Wistar rats were served as normal control group. GK rats were fed with high-grease forage, while normal control group was fed with a standard diet. Fasting blood glucose, general HE staining and VEGF protein expression were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The fasting glucose had a significant decline in TNK treatment groups. HE staining showing TNK can ameliorate intima thickness, reduce hyperplasia of shallow vascular smooth muscle cell, and improve wavy and plexiform arrangement of elastic lamina. Immunohistochemistry also showed that TNK decreased VEGF protein expression of great vessels. Conclusion TangNaiKang can prevent and cure diabetic vascular complication of GK rats.

Establishment of Chinese hamster ovary cell line expressing recombinant GPIb-IX complex / 中国实验血液学杂志

The aim of this study was to construct Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell models expressing recombinant wild-type GPIb-IX and mutant GPIb-IX complex, so as to provide the platform to study the related physiologic functions of GPIb-IX. The plasmids were extracted from E.coli expressing wild-type or deletion mutant GPIbalpha and were identified by digestion with EcoR I. Three plasmids containing GPIbalpha, GPIbbeta, and GPIX genes were co-transfected into CHO cells, and then the expression of GPIb-IX complex was detected by immune coprecipitation, Western blot and flow cytometry. The results showed that the expression of GPIb-IX complex could be detected in the lysate and on the surface of CHO cells at 48 hours after transfection. In conclusion, CHO cell models expressing recombinant wild-type or mutation GPIb-IX complex has been successfully constructed.

Effects of Tangweian granule on 5-HT(2A)R in rat model with diabetic gastroparesis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tangweian granule on 5-HT(2A)R in rat model with diabetic gastroparesis (DGP).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rats with diabetic gastroparesis induced by injecting alloxan and giving 200% Radix Rehmanniae preparata were divided into four groups randomly: Tangweian high dosage group, Tangweian low dosage group, motilium control group and the model control group, 10 rats each group. Each group was irrigated with drugs during establishing the model. Additionally, we chose 10 rats by way of normal control group. Further more, Tangweian high dosage group were irrigated stomach with gliclazide 20 mg x kg(-1) and Tangweian granule 31.75 g x kg(-1); Tangweian low dosage group were irrigated stomach with gliclazide 20 mg x kg(-1) and Tangweian granule 15.88 g x kg(-1); motilium control group were irrigated stomach with gliclazide 20 mg x kg(-1) and motilium 3.75 mg x kg(-1) and the model control group were irrigated stomach with distilled water. Then the effects of Tangweian granule on 5-HT(2A)R were observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The curative group had better effects than the control group in lowering the blood sugar and the level of 5-HT(2A)R content (P < 0.01). And there was significant difference between the curative group and control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is verified that Tangweian granule has obvious effects on lowering the blood sugar and improving the level of 5-HT(2A)R.</p>

Feasibility of general anesthesia combined with cervical plexus block on posterlor-anterior cervical vertebra surgery / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

0.05)in the former part of the surgery that was before the beginning of the surgery via anterior route.But in group B,only propofol for sedation was used for the patients during the latter part of the surgery via the anterior route or while the nerve plexus was blocked; during this time in group A,the addition of fentanyl and vecuronium were still intermittently necessary to maintain the general anesthesia.The duration between the completion of surgery and the recovery of spontaneous breathing,times for initial conscious reaction such as opening the eyes following an order, extubation and from extubation to complete recovery were significantly shorter in group B than those in group A(all P

Cloning of distinguishing DNA sequences of Gastrodia elata Blume and application of them in identifying gastrodia tuber / 生物工程学报

Gastrodia elata Bl. is a famous and costful traditional Chinese medicine. Their genomic DNA fingerprints were investigated using a modified Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA method. DNA fragments common to all or to fine populations were identified and recovered. Five DNA fragments were proven not to be reported through DNA cloning, PCR identifying, nucleotide sequencing and bioinformatics analyses and were received in and recorded by NCBI GenBank. Gastrodine contents of the Gastrodia tuber samples were determined using high performance liquid chromatography technique. The distribution of the five DNA fragments in 9 Gastrodia elata Blue populations and the correlation with gastromedicine content were studied. The results show the distribution of these DNA sequences varied greatly among the populations whereby DNA Sequence 1 was the common and distinguishing molecular marker for all the populations studied and DNA Sequence 2 may relate to higher gastrodine content. In conclusion, these DNA marker sequences can be employed to identify genuine gastrodia tubers, better varieties and optimize their selection and cultivating.

Changes of cycle and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and antioxidant capacity in male rats with diabetes mellitus / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the changes of cycle and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and antioxidant capacity of the serum and testis in male rats with diabetes mellitus.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty male rats were divided into two groups, 10 for normal control and 20 for the diabetes group. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin (TZ) to develop diabetes, and 12 weeks later, their survival rate and testis weight were recorded. The percentage of G0/G, S and G2/M phases and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells were measured with flow cytometry (FCM). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and NO synthase (NOS) activities in the serum and testis were measured with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), nitric acid reoxidized enzyme, xanthine oxidative enzyme, 5,5 Dithiobis (2,2 nitrobenzoate) (TNB) and visible light photometer methods, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve weeks after the male rats got diabetes, their survival rate, body weight and testis weight were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the percentages of G0/G1 phases and apoptotic spermatogenic cells were obviously higher (P < 0.05) than the normal control. At the same time, the percentage of S and G2/M phases spermatogenic cells decreased. So the spermatogenic cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. In the diabetic rat serum and testis, especially in the testis, MDA levels were distinctly higher and SOD activities were significantly lower than those in the control. Serum GSH-Px activities of the diabetic rats were significantly lower (p < 0.05), while testis GSH-Px activities were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). NO contents in the serum and testis of the diabetic rats (P < 0.01) increased significantly, particularly the former, while NOS activities in the serum decreased significantly as compared with the control (P < 0.5).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increase in testis and serum MDA levels and NO contents and the decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity of the diabetic rats may be relevant to spermatogenic disorder caused by the increase of G0/G1 phases arrest and spermatogenic cells apoptosis.</p>

Longitudinal investigation and experimental studies on thelaziasis and the intermediate host of Thelazia callipaeda in Guanghua county of Hubei province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify houseflies Musca spp. as the intermediate host of Thelazia callipaeda and reveal epidemiological situation of thelaziasis in Hubei province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Dogs eyes infected with T. callipaeda, 400 houseflies Musca and 259 fruitflies Amiota okadai in the city of Laohekou city (previously named as Guanghua county) of Hubei province had been investigated since September 2000. The newborn larvae of T. callipaeda from Laohekou suburbs were fed to houseflies Musca and A. okadai. Larvae used for the study were isolated from female T. callipaeda in laboratory and the susceptibility to houseflies Musca and A. okadai was observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-one dogs from Laohekou, the original epidemic areas of thelaziasis were examined and 7 positive dogs in 21 (33.3%) and 11 T. callipaeda (9 females and 2 males) were identified. From 1975 to 2000, no thelaziasis cases were found through retrospective surveys. These 200 houseflies Musca and 135 A. okadai were dissected for examination but showed all negative with the infection. However, newborn larvae of T. callipaeda were used to experimentally infect 112 houseflies Musca and 84 A. okadai and all infected flies were examined on the 20th day after inoculation. As a consequence, houseflies Musca failed to be infected but 9 in 84 (10.7%) A. okadai were positive. 26 infective larvae of T. callipaeda were obtained and 21 of them were inoculated into right eye of one rabbit. The female worm began to produce newborn larvae in 37 days after infection and 3 adult T. callipaeda (two females and one male) were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Fruitflies A. okadai from Hubei province were susceptible to T. callipaeda, which was similar to the result of experimental studies in Anhui province. This survey further confirmed that A. okadai was the intermediate host of T. callipaeda but not houseflies Musca. Infective resources (adult dogs, for instance) had been under controlled thus human thelaziasis had been eradicated in this rural area.</p>

Investigation of chronic prostatitis and altered bowel habits / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the incidence, causes, and significance of altered bowel habits in chronic prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Investigating the incidence of altered bowel habits in chronic prostatitis, analyzing some possible causes to induce the symptom, such as course of disease, vegetative nerve functional disturbance, inflammation in expressed prostatic secretions, and digital rectal examination. Following up the improvement of altered bowel habits after effective treatment of chronic prostatitis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of altered bowel habits was 31.40% in 379 chronic prostatitis patients. The detected congestion and swelling of prostate was closed related to altered bowel habits in chronic prostatitis. The incidence of improvement of altered bowel habits after effective treatment of chronic prostatitis reached to 78.79%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Congestion and swelling of prostate might be the main causes for altered bowel habits in chronic prostatitis. Altered bowel habits should be considered as a common symptom and cure standard for chronic prostatitis.</p>